Water Purification & Filtration Dictionary
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An alphabetical listing of General terms and items. |
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Free available chlorine.
Microbes capable of adapting to either aerobic or anaerobic environments.
A temperature scale in which water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees at atmospheric pressure.
Coliform bacteria found in fecal matter.
Matter (feces) containing or derived from animal or human bodily wastes that are discharged through the anus.
The pressure at which water is supplied to a water treatment device.
The water to be treated that is fed into a given water treatment system.
The conversion/breakdown of organic matter by anaerobic bacteria into carbon dioxide, methane and similar compounds of low molecular weight.
Small solid iron particles containing trivalent iron, which are suspended in water and visible as "rusty water". Ferric iron can normally be removed by filtration. Also known as precipitated iron.
A divalent iron ion, usually as ferrous bicarbonate which when dissolved in water produces a clear solution. It is usually removed by cation exchange water softening. Also called clear water iron.
A device installed as part of the water system through which water flows for the purpose of removing turbidity, taste, color, iron or odor.
The selected materials in a filter that form the barrier to the passage of filterable suspended solids or dissolved molecules. Filter media are used to remove undesirable materials, tastes and odors from a water supply.
The effluent liquid from a filter system; that part of the feed stream which has passed through the filter.
The process of separating solids from a liquid by means of a porous substance such as permeable fabric or membrane or layers of inert media.
Extremely small particles which are smaller than the specified size (in millimeters) for the medium.
An in-line device or orfice fitting which regulate and control flow of water.
The quantity of water which=h passes a given point in a specified unit of time, offen expressed in U.S. gpm (or L/min).
The addition of fluoride compound to a potable water supply to produce the concentration desired (about one PPM) for the purpose of the reduction of dental caries (tooth decay).
A natural occurring constituent of some water supplies, an excess of which (over 2.0ppm) can cause discolored teeth.
(filtration): The accumulation of undesirable foreign matter in a filter causing clogging of pours coating of surfaces and inhibiting or limiting the proper operation of the treatment system.
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A phenomenon in which a reverse osmosis membrane adsorbs, interacts with or becomes coated by solutes and or precipitates in the feed stream resulting in a decrease in membrane performance by lowering the flux and /or affecting the rejection solutes.
The concentration of residual chlorine present as dissolved gas, hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite ion but not including that chlorine combined with ammonia or other less readily available forms of chlorine.
water having less than approximately 1,000 mg/L (ppm) of total dissolved solids (TDS).
(singular = fungus) Plantlike organisms with cells that have distinct nuclei surrounded by nuclear membranes as well as other specialized functional cell parts but that cannot carry photosynthesis. Most fungi are decomposers of wastes and dead bodies from other organisms; a few are parasites. Yeasts, molds, mildew and mushrooms are all fungi.
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